diff --git a/libscio.hpp b/libscio.hpp
index fb71311..70480ad 100644
--- a/libscio.hpp
+++ b/libscio.hpp
@@ -21,17 +21,23 @@ namespace sc {
 
 	namespace io {
 
-		class fdoutbuf : public std::streambuf {
+		class fdiobuf : public std::streambuf {
 			public:
-				fdoutbuf(int fd) : _fd(fd) {}
-				fdoutbuf() : _fd(-1) {}
+				fdiobuf(int fd) : _fd(fd) {}
+				fdiobuf() : _fd(-1) {}
 
 				int fd() const { return _fd; }
 				void fd(int fd) { _fd = fd; }
 
 			protected:
 				int _fd;
+				char _ch {};
 
+				// input
+				int_type underflow() override;
+				std::streamsize xsgetn(char* s, std::streamsize n) override;
+
+				// output
 				int_type overflow(int_type c) override;
 				std::streamsize xsputn(const char* s, std::streamsize num) override;
 		};
@@ -41,27 +47,11 @@ namespace sc {
 				fdostream(int fd) : std::ostream(&_outbuf), _outbuf(fd) {}
 				fdostream() : std::ostream(&_outbuf), _outbuf(-1) {}
 
-				int ofd() const { return _outbuf.fd(); }
-				void ofd(int fd) { _outbuf.fd(fd); }
+				int fd() const { return _outbuf.fd(); }
+				void fd(int fd) { _outbuf.fd(fd); }
 
 			protected:
-				fdoutbuf _outbuf;
-		};
-
-		class fdinbuf : public std::streambuf {
-			public:
-				fdinbuf(int fd) : _fd(fd) {}
-				fdinbuf() : _fd(-1) {}
-
-				int fd() const { return _fd; }
-				void fd(int fd) { _fd = fd; }
-
-			protected:
-				int _fd;
-				char _ch {};
-
-				int_type underflow() override;
-				std::streamsize xsgetn(char* s, std::streamsize n) override;
+				fdiobuf _outbuf;
 		};
 
 		class fdistream : public std::istream {
@@ -69,17 +59,23 @@ namespace sc {
 				fdistream(int fd) : std::istream(&_inbuf), _inbuf(fd) {}
 				fdistream() : std::istream(&_inbuf), _inbuf(-1) {}
 
-				int ifd() const { return _inbuf.fd(); }
-				void ifd(int fd) { _inbuf.fd(fd); }
+				int fd() const { return _inbuf.fd(); }
+				void fd(int fd) { _inbuf.fd(fd); }
 
 			protected:
-				fdinbuf _inbuf;
+				fdiobuf _inbuf;
 		};
 
-		class fdstream : public fdostream, public fdistream {
+		class fdstream : public std::iostream {
 			public:
-				fdstream(int fd) : fdostream(fd), fdistream(fd) {}
-				fdstream() : fdostream(-1), fdistream(-1) {}
+				fdstream() : std::iostream(&_iobuf) {}
+				fdstream(int fd) : std::iostream(&_iobuf), _iobuf(fd) {}
+
+				int fd() const { return _iobuf.fd(); }
+				void fd(int fd) { _iobuf.fd(fd); }
+
+			protected:
+				fdiobuf _iobuf {-1};
 		};
 
 		struct socket_address {
diff --git a/socketstream.cpp b/socketstream.cpp
index 9a03c64..2996ce5 100644
--- a/socketstream.cpp
+++ b/socketstream.cpp
@@ -103,8 +103,7 @@ socketstream socketstream::accept() const {
 	peer._socket = active_socket;
 	peer._domain = _domain;
 	peer._type = _type;
-	peer._inbuf.fd(active_socket);
-	peer._outbuf.fd(active_socket);
+	peer.fd(active_socket);
 	return peer;
 }
 
@@ -191,6 +190,5 @@ socket_address socketstream::address_from_endpoint(const struct sockaddr* endpoi
 
 void socketstream::socket(int sock) {
 	_socket = sock;
-	ifd(sock);
-	ofd(sock);
+	fd(sock);
 }